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Cloture (UK: US: /ˈkloʊtʃər/,[1][2] also UK: /ˈkloʊtjʊər/),[3] closure[4] or, informally, a guillotine,[4] is a motion or process in parliamentary procedure aimed at bringing debate to a quick end.
The cloture procedure originated in the French National Assembly, from which the name is taken. Clôture is French for "the act of terminating something".
It was introduced into the Parliament of the United Kingdom by William Ewart Gladstone to overcome the obstructionism of the Irish Parliamentary Party and was made permanent in 1887.
It was subsequently adopted by the United States Senate and other legislatures. The name cloture remains in the United States;[3] in Commonwealth countries it is usually closure[3] or, informally, guillotine; in the United Kingdom closure and guillotine are distinct motions.[5][6]
- ^ cloture in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
- ^ "cloture: definition of cloture in Oxford dictionary (American English) (US)". OxfordDictionaries.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ^ a b c "cloture - definition of cloture in English from the Oxford dictionary". OxfordDictionaries.com. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
- ^ a b Brief Guide No. 14 – Debating legislation under time limits (PDF), Parliament of Australia – Senate, 5 June 2009, retrieved 14 March 2012
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